![]() The specific heat of seawater solutions at constant volume has also been determined from the sound−derived isothermal compressibilities. ☐.02×10 −6 bar) with the direct measurements of Lepple and Millero. The isothermal compressibilities are in excellent agreement (avg. Assume that the speed of sound is 340 m/s. Calculate the speed of an aircraft with a mach number of 1.23. Calculates the speed of sound in seawater using the computationally efficient 75-term expression for specific volume in. The table below shows the speed of sound in water at different temperatures and salinities. The adiabatic and isothermal compressibilities of seawater solutions reliable to ☐.003×10 −6 bar −1 have been determined from the sound speeds. Calculate the speed of sound in seawater at 20☌ given that the bulk modulus of seawater is 2.34×109 N/m² and its density is 1.025×10³ kg/m³. ![]() From these comparisons it is clear that the 1−atm sound speeds of Del Grosso and Mader are more reliable than those determined by Wilson over the oceanographic range as well as at lower salinities (which is outside of the range of Del Grosso and Mader’s measurements). In the low−salinity range, (5−25 0/00 salinity) our results, on the average, agree with the work of Wilson to ☐.3 m sec −1 (max 1.1 m sec −1) and with the work of Del Grosso and Mader to within ☐.1 m sec −1 (max 0.20 m sec −1). Approximate values for fresh water and seawater, respectively, at atmospheric pressure are 14 m/s for the sound speed, and 10 kg/m 3 for the density. Over the oceanographic range our results, on the average, agree with the work of Wilson to ☐.5 m sec −1 (max 1.08 m sec −1) and with the work of Del Grosso and Mader to ☐.05 m sec −1 (max 0.14 m sec −1). A ship sends a strong signal straight down and detects its echo. The velocity of sound in sea-water is a function of the salinity, temperature and pressure, and the mean vertical velocity of sound for use in the sonic. The sound speeds fit this equation to a standard deviation of 0.04 m sec −1 over the entire temperature and salinity range. The speed of sound in air and sea-water are given to be 340 m/s and 1440 m/s respectively. The results have been fitted to an equation of the form c = c 0 + A S (0/00) + B S (0/00) 3/2 + C S (0/00) 2, where c 0 is the speed of sound in pure water, S (0/00) is the salinity in parts per thousand, and A, B, and C are temperature−dependent parameters. Moonlight drowns out all but the brightest stars. The speed of sound in standard seawater (diluted with pure water and evaporated) has been measured relative to pure water with a Nusonics velocimeter as a function of temperature (0 to 40☌, at 5° intervals) and salinity (5 to 40 0/00, at 5 0/00 intervals) at a atm. ![]()
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